Thalassemia
Thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder in which the body cannot make enough healthy hemoglobin (the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen). Because of this:

• Red blood cells break down faster

• Patients develop severe anemia

• Many need regular blood transfusions—sometimes every 2–4 weeks—to survive

It is inherited, meaning it passes from parents to children through genes.

Why should people donate blood in India (especially for thalassemia patients)?

India has one of the highest numbers of thalassemia major patients in the world. For these patients, blood is not just helpful—it is lifesaving.

Here’s why blood donation is important:

1. Thalassemia patients need lifelong transfusions

Their bodies cannot produce enough hemoglobin, so donated blood keeps them alive.

2. There is a constant shortage of safe blood

Blood cannot be manufactured. The only source is voluntary donors. Regular donations ensure that patients never miss a transfusion.

3. Helps prevent medical emergencies

Many hospitals and thalassemia centers face shortages. Timely donations prevent crises for children dependent on blood.

4. Donating blood is safe and helps many others

Besides thalassemia, donated blood helps accident victims, people undergoing surgery, cancer patients, pregnant women with complications, etc.

5. Promotes a healthier society

Voluntary blood donation is a sign of a strong, caring community. One donation can save 3 lives (as blood is separated into components).

Thalassemia = genetic blood condition → low hemoglobin → lifelong need for transfusions.
Blood donation = the only way to save these childrens lives!

Types of Thalassemia

Thalassemia mainly occurs when the body cannot produce enough hemoglobin. It has two broad types:

1. Alpha Thalassemia

Caused when alpha-globin genes are missing or defective.

Forms of Alpha Thalassemia:

2. Beta Thalassemia

Caused when beta-globin genes are missing or defective.

Forms of Beta Thalassemia:

How Often Do Thalassemia Patients Need Blood?

🔴 Thalassemia Major

• Needs regular blood transfusions every 2–4 weeks

• Usually starts between 6 months to 2 years of age

• Goal: maintain hemoglobin around 9–10 g/dL

• Without regular blood, growth stops and complications occur

🟡 Thalassemia Intermedia

• Occasional transfusions

• Only needed during:

  • Infections

  • Surgery

  • Pregnancy

  • Severe anemia periods

• Some may eventually need regular transfusions in adulthood

🟢 Thalassemia Minor / Trait

• No transfusion needed

• They lead normal lives with mild anemia

🟠 Hemoglobin H (HbH) Disease (Alpha)

• Occasional transfusions, more than intermedia but less than major

• Often needed during infections, fever, or pregnancy

Quick Summary